dec 20 2021
NEGATIVE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
Predation
Second approximation
Daniel Pinéda Domínguez, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Berta Madrigal Torres, Universidad de Guadalajara
José Guadalupe Gaxiola López, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Alicia Graciela González Luna, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Carlos Fernández Collado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
María de los Angeles Cervantes Rosas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Rosalba Madrigal Torres, Universidad de Guadalajara
Second approximation
Predation
The human being, individual or collective, its positive intellectual capital (IC), the negative one (NIC), as well as all its components, ontologically, are complex fields of study; both possess the existence and coexistence of the positive and the negative; they interweave, balance, harmonize in a unique way, thus generating similar beings, similar, but not strictly equal; neither in humanity, nor in the nature that surrounds the IC and the NIC like the leaves on a tree, all alike, strictly none alike. Thus, the interweaving of intellectual capitals are sui generis and what they do tends towards originality. The natural interactions of IC and its elements generate, among other results, art, technology and science (Resenos; Pineda; Madrigal; Gaxiola; Fernández; González; Cervantes, Martínez. 2018; Resenos; Pineda: Madrigal; Gaxiola; Fernández; González ; Cervantes. 2019. Reviews; Pineda: Madrigal; Gaxiola; Fernández; González; Cervantes; Madrigal. 2020).
Also the human being with his IC and NIC, individual or collective in themselves and by themselves, (Resenos; Pineda; Madrigal; Gaxiola; Fernández; González; Cervantes; Madrigal. 2020), are evidence of life, in the sense lato of the term, From the great explosion (Big Bang) [1] to an indeterminate future of everything that has and continues to generate, the existence of the firmament with everything it contains, including the planetary system, in it, the “planet earth ”, And it is this, the earth, that has the molecule, the active particle or the spark of life [2]; that until now, it seems like the only planet that shows the complete conditions of life that we enjoy; which we have also increased, enriched innumerable artistic, theoretical, scientific and technological manifestations simultaneously and jointly with the IC. But likewise also, innumerable bad, corrosive, destructive, perverse, degrading manifestations, “jocular cannibalism”, predatory, of human dignity; physically or subjectively to humans, themselves and their environment.
During the study of IC it was perceived that the human being, from the primitive era also had innumerable creative, destructive manifestations, and among the latter, the unconscious, harmless, innocent predators, because, perhaps, they occurred to the rhythm of the evolution of the same planet earth:
- The age of the earth 4.543 billion years;
- Age of the oldest human fossil, Ardi (Ardipithecus ramidus); perhaps, hominid, lived 4.4 million years ago during the Pliocene; It was found in the Afar desert, Ethiopia, in a place called Aramis and unearthed bone by bone between the years 1992 and 1994 together with several specimens of the same species; by University of Tokyo paleoanthropologist Gen Suwa. The fossil reveals that the ancestor of the human lineage underwent a little-known stage of evolution, a million years before Lucy;
- *Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis), an extinct hominid of the hominid subtribus of the Australopithecus afarensis species, the iconic female fossil mentioned above, which lived between 3.9 and 3.2 million years during the Pliocene; It was discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia by Donald Johanson and Tom Gray on November 30, 1974. *
- Homo erectus also manifests its presence in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent the presence of isolated remains of hominids the “Homo erectus ”. They have been known about 500 million years ago and the finds from the Narmada valley at Hathnora in central India, and in the northwest where elaborate tools dated to 2 million years have been found; by gatherer and hunter peoples, semi-nomads between 400 and 200 thousand years BC. C. In the early, middle and late Stone Age (400,000 – 200,000 BC).
- The Renzidong Man (Chinese; 人 字 洞; Pingan: rénzidóng, Rinzi cave) name given to the oldest hominid remains found in China by Professor Jin Changzhu and his team of archaeologists in the Lailishan Mountains, Suncun Village, in the Fanchang sector of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, more than two million years ago.
- Stone Age; period of prehistory, between 2,500,000 and 3,000 years BC. C., characterized the conformation of nomadic tribes in search of plateaus on the banks of the rivers with friendly, benign climates and conditions, for fishing, hunting, agriculture, social coexistence, the construction of caves and shrines for their incipient religions and social organizations and defense of the attacks of other tribes and with it the human learning of techniques for the elaboration of farm tools, hunting tools, fishing, construction, stick and stone work; they generate the city and civilization; perhaps without mindfulness.
Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo erectus, Male of Renzidong, natural results, generated by the evolution of planet Earth and everything that enriches it, including among many other things and effects life, hominids that walk, look, see, contemplate, touch, bite, taste, savor, ingest, they eat and drink; emotions begin to surface: tastes and fears; Likewise, the incipient reasoning begins, such as preferences, acceptances, rejections, preferences.
Hominids survive in unison with nature and with it, inside them, they initiate the development and enrichment of intellectual capital (IC) from scratch, from nothing at all in innate, genetic memories; neither physical, nor rational nor genetic, less conceptual. They are the first generation hominids, perhaps it was permissible to say: “clean without antecedents”; they begin life and the first records in their virgin IC of what floats in the environment of their interior and that which surrounds them, of their own experiences coming from the vegetation, they begin to know themselves.
Walking and surviving begins prehistory, the stone age; generating families and tribes and bonds of coexistence; discovering and controlling fire; generating languages; means for cutting sticks and stones; memorizing the forms of nature; differentiation of communication channels; hunting and fishing instruments; traps; differentiating the hardness, stiffness, colors and lights; distribution and periodicity of climatic changes; observing the sun, the moon and the stars; starting reading and celestial signs; discovering and learning from sounds, to formulate predictions of future life and languages of animals, useful, hostile, dangerous, friendly, docile, domesticable; in the same way the vegetation, stones and minerals; for the elaboration of domestic utensils, tools, work equipment and recreational musicals; defense and attack weapons; they walked enough to reach the riverside
The nature that surrounds them, perhaps, leads them to perform original actions unknown to them, possibly contemplate, observe, ask themselves questions, what is this? what is it for? What do I do with this? What can be done here ?; Perhaps they run, jump, jump, jump into the water, play with each other, with the children, lie down peacefully; they feel security, tranquility; exchange comments, opinions and conclusions; There are no natural caves to live in, without pilgrimage or wandering aimlessly, and take advantage of the benefits of positive IC capital and negative intellectual capital (NIC) that, from nothing, no level of human intelligence, no genetic inheritance, but that gradually they had developed, cultivated and enriched during 4.4 million years, and they initiate the civilization of the humanity, Perhaps creating cities in the valleys watered by great rivers, like the Euphrates and the Tigris; The Nile in Africa; the Indus in India; Yellow in China:
The Indus River, one of the longest in Asia, rises to the west of China on the Tibetan plateau, and runs through the Laadakh district of Jammu and Kashmir; it crosses Pakistan from Gilgit-Baltistan north to south and empties into the Arabian Sea, in the Strait of Hormuz, at the port located between the cities of Karachi and Kiamari Saddar. In the Indian subcontinent, the presence of human beings is manifested, Homo erectus about 500 ooo years ago by hominids, given the findings in Hathnora in the Narmada valley, in central India; and in the northeast they have discovered elaborate tools, dated at two million years; generating gatherer and hunter peoples, semi-nomads between 400,000 – 200,000 BC. C. with remains of hominids, who walked in the valley of the Soan River, and with sites of Soanian lithic industry in the region of Sivalik, in present-day Pakistan, India and Nepal.
The Yellow River with 9,600 square kilometers of land surface is the third on the planet and is fourth in relation to water masses; it is born in the center of China in the mountains of Bayan Har of the plateau of Tibet and reaches the Pacific Ocean, in the Sea or Gulf of Bohai; of great importance for the birth of Chinese civilization the the Nile River, the second largest in the world, after the Amazon, is born in Burundi, then it branches into two branches,
Mesopotamia
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers enclose an area of the Middle East between Assyria to the north-east of Sira and Babylon to the south, configuring the non-desert areas of Iraq in a strip of fertile land, calling it Mesopotamia in ancient times which means “the land between Two rivers”.
Egypt
The White Nile and the Blue Nile. During the Stone Age, primitive humans settled on its banks and the delta that forms at the mouth of the Mediterranean Sea, generating one of the most important and lasting civilizations in history, the Egyptian Empire. earliest known civilization indian, the starting point of its history, dates back to around 3000 BC. It was a civilization with a high urban development. Two of its cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, in the Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan) represent the highest level of these early human settlements.
Pakistan
The earliest known Indian civilization, the starting point of its history, dates back to around 3000 BC. It was a civilization with a high urban development. Two of its cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, in the Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan) represent the highest level of these early human settlements.
India
The origins of the Indian civilization date back to prehistory, the presence of human beings, Homo erectus about 500 ooo years ago by hominids, is manifested as a result of the findings in Hathnora in the Narmada valley, in central India; and in the northeast they have discovered elaborate tools, dated at two million years; generating gatherer and hunter peoples, semi-nomads between 400,000 – 200,000 BC. C. The first human activity in the subcontinent is in the early, middle and late Stone Ages. These peoples were semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers for millennia.
China
In the People’s Republic of China, hominids of man have also been found, so that experts increasingly consider that China is a scene where h0minids, remote ancestors of man, emerged; as evidenced by the remains found in the Razi cave of Renzidong man in the Fanchang sector of Wuhu city, Anhui province, dating back more than two million years; also the Yuanmou man from one million seven hundred thousand years ago; Nihewan man of one million five hundred thousand years ago; Lantian man about six hundred thousand years old; The nanking man of approximately half a million years and best known as the Pekin man who was discovered in 1929 and identified as the “missing link” of human evolution.
The first Shang, Xia and Zhou dynasties emerged in the Yellow River basin around 3500 years BC.
Depredation of natural resources
The Deutsche Selle (DS) of Germany has announced the depletion of the planet’s natural resources by 2019 (Wackernagel, 2016). Predictions for the future are not always accurate when it comes to natural phenomena; the important thing is to prevent or visualize the main consequences of the interactions between nature, and the interweaving of human IC and NIC when observing land use (Foley, DeFries, Gregory, Asner, Barford, Bonan, Stephen, Carpenter, Chapin, Michael, Cae, Gretchen, Daily, Holly, Gibbs, Helkowski, Holloway, Howard, Kucharik, Monfreda, Patz, Prentice, Ramankutty, Snyder. 2005), water, aquifers, rivers, lakes. seas and oceans for immediate human needs, in some cases the NIC stimulate humans to generate predatory behaviors to satisfy the appetite for food or things, tangible and intangible that are frenziedly desired, so powerful that it cancels the positive of the IC; empowering the negative of the NIC, which leads to decisions and actions of confrontation from power to power, such as wars to appropriate its natural resources: imaginable and unimaginable; physical, tangible and intangible and the fruits of the work of the native inhabitants, transforming them into their slaves, by on a way open or simulated, as the history of humanity denounces, and the everyday news.
The evolutions and natural or induced transformations of the planet, of humans, of their IC and NIC and their interwoven, constant, immediate, mediate, long-term; of all natures; and orientations, generate an endless range of interactions, implications, consequences, effects, options in existence and coexistence; in harmonies and contradictions. Likewise, in the individualities, in the opportunities, the threats that are formed around the intellectual capitals and the lives of human beings, individual or collective and, therefore, the rationalities, preferences, tastes and desires for human life
Pass from IC to NIC.
The important thing is to prevent or visualize the main consequences of the interactions between nature, and the interweaving of human IC and NIC, when observing land use (Foley, DeFries, Gregory, Asner, Barford, Bonan, Stephen, Carpenter, Chapin, Michael, Cae, Gretchen, Daily, Holly, Gibbs, Helkowski, Holloway, Howard, Kucharik, Monfreda, Patz, Prentice, Ramankutty, Snyder. 2005), water, aquifers, rivers, lakes. seas and oceans for immediate human needs, in some cases the NIC stimulate humans to generate predatory behaviors to satisfy the appetite for food or things, tangible and intangible that are frenziedly desired, so powerful that it cancels the positive of the IC; empowering the negative of the NIC, which leads to decisions and actions of confrontation from power to power, such as wars to appropriate its natural resources: imaginable and unimaginable; physical, tangible and intangible and the fruits of the work of the native inhabitants, transforming them into their slaves openly or simulated, as denounced by the history of humanity and currently the news of every day.
Sheerin (2021) publishes comments on the BBC about the level of dishonesty of some presidents of the United States of America in which the interweaving of the IC and the NIC is perceived when using lies to justify their government actions:
• In August 1990 Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq, invaded Kuwait. small oil-rich country, the American George H.W. Bush affirmed: “We are not going to tolerate it.”
• As US troops entered the Persian Gulf, the American public doubted the justification for this military action.
• The Kuwaiti government quickly hired the public relations firm Hill & Knowlton, whose Washington office was headed by Bush’s former chief of staff.
• The company trained a witness, a 15-year-old girl named Nayirah, to testify before a commission of the US Congress in October 1990.
• Nayirah claimed that the Iraqi military had entered the hospitals in Kuwait, and removed the babies from the incubators and left them to die on the ground.
• Reporters were told that Nayirah used an alias to avoid retaliation against her family in Kuwait.
• After several months, after the war ended, it became known that Nayirah was one of the daughters of the Kuwaiti ambassador to the US and that her story lacked any real basis.
• John MacArthur related in his book “Second Front, Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War”.
• There are at least six recordings of Bush talking about the alleged atrocities.
• “The babies were taken out of the incubators and scattered like firewood on the ground,” he once told troops in Saudi Arabia.
• There is a photo of George H. Bush in the White House in 1991, with Dick Cheney and Colin Powell, before the start of the Desert Storm.
• MacArthur also refers in his book that with this false testimony he managed to gain support for the military actions.
• In January 1991, Bush’s proposed war decision passed the Senate with little margin. Six senators cited the history of the incubators as justification for authorizing military intervention.
• Operation “Desert Storm” was launched a few days later.
• The irony that seems true is, the babies happened to die after being taken out of the incubators during the war.
• Only, it reportedly happened in a large-scale airstrike led by US allies.
• On the first night of the bombing, while power failures were triggered by the explosions, dozens of mothers pulled their babies from pediatric machines at Baghdad hospital and took refuge in a basement that had no heating.
• More than 40 children died, according to a report in The New York Times.
• And they joined the thousands of civilians who lost their lives during the conflict, which lasted 42 days.
• It was never possible to establish whether or not Bush knew the truth about the history of the incubators.
• Although it would be expected that the White House would first corroborate all the statements that it would be advisable to do so for a president, especially a situation as rugged as this.
• And journalists in the US didn’t get to unmask the story until after the war.
• The controversy was omitted in the latest Bush biography, as well as in the response to his presidency when he died in 2018.
True lies
However, in the face of allegations of presidential dishonesty against Donald Trump, they encouraged fact-checkers to work hard.
The Washington Post newspaper in a database commented on the claims of Donald Trump – there are about 30,000 – that were false or misleading.
Some comments pointed out by the newspaper – such as that the US economy had its best moment during his presidency, or that he had achieved the largest tax cut in the history of the country; or what he said about the extent of the trade deficit with China – were repeated hundreds of times by the former president.
Many statements, about the gulf, his wealth or even about whether it snowed at one of his political meetings, seem insignificant.
Others, such as misleading the American public about the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic or making unsubstantiated claims without presenting any type of evidence, were more damaging.
Benjamin Ginsberg, author of the book “The American Lie: Governments by the People and Other Political Fables,” points out that when it comes to presidential falsehoods, some former presidents are more consistent than others.
Ginsberg cites misleading claims by Bush’s son, also former President George W. Bush, as he sold a sequel to the war in Iraq to the citizens of his country.
These examples of the way of governing, of managing nations is not exclusive to the US The hegemonic country, with its own variants, from the tribal to the more advanced, in essence, they do the same.
In fact, Stephen Hawking in his last years of life, made several warnings to humanity, about the need to leave planet Earth to preserve the species (Marcos, 2021).
In ecology, the predation of each type of biological interaction in which an individual of an animal species 12 hunts another individual for subsistence. The same individual can be a predator of some animals and in turn prey to others, although in all cases the predator is a carnivore or omnivore. This interaction plays an important role in natural selection.
In predation, there is a harmed individual —which is the prey— and another that is benefited —the predator—, passing the energy in the sense of prey to predator. However, it should be noted that both the predators control the number of individuals that make up the prey species, and the prey control the number of individuals that make up the predator species, for example, the relationship between the lion and the zebra.
These examples of the way of governing, of managing nations is not exclusive to the US The hegemonic country, with its own variants, from the tribal to the more advanced, in essence, they do the same.
In fact, Stephen Hawking in his last years of life, made several warnings to humanity, about the need to leave planet Earth to preserve the species (Marcos, 2021).
In ecology, the predation of each type of biological interaction in which an individual of an animal species 12 hunts another individual for subsistence. The same individual can be a predator of some animals and in turn prey to others, although in all cases the predator is a carnivore or omnivore. This interaction plays an important role in natural selection.
In predation, there is a harmed individual —which is the prey— and another that is benefited —the predator—, passing the energy in the sense of prey to predator. However, it should be noted that both the predators control the number of individuals that make up the prey species, and the prey control the number of individuals that make up the predator species; for example, the relationship between the lion and the zebra.
Another example of this very special relationship between these predators and the ecosystem is that predators, by controlling the number of individuals of a species, can protect the ecosystem from being thrown out of balance, since if a species multiplies uncontrollably it could end up with the balance of said ecosystem [citation needed]. For example: the eagle and the snake feed on mice, and these in turn feed on certain types of plants; If one of the predators went extinct, the other could not decrease the population of those rodents and this would decrease the population of plants. A particular form of predation is parasitism, in which one organism feeds on another, developing a very strong bond with it. A parasite usually begins such a relationship with a single host organism in its life, or with a few.
Summary and discussion.
Until these moments of the culmination of prehistory, primitive human beings that possess intellectual capital (IC) in their nature, intuitively show without knowing it, friendly, social, communal, tribal protection coexistence with the environment and the nature that surrounds them. and they begin to develop the incipient sense of commitment, identity, collaboration, identity, family, tribal, communal membership and association with other similar tribes, giving this way, thus initiating the collaboration and commitments and agreements of communal works of construction of houses and shrines.
In carrying out these works they have enriched the individual and collective IC; for
manifest it and integrate it, as incipient reasoning, to the care, protection, defense, construction, of family houses and communal shrines or temples, where the personal characteristics of capacities and competencies of the members of the tribal communities emerge, they begin a civilized life developing creative habits to meet natural survival needs
It seems that during the evolution of the earth that began 4.543 billion years ago, until the beginning of prehistory 4.4 million years ago BC, during the Pliocene, even the earth is able to gestate the creation of hominids and the evolution of these to humans. Between 4.4 to 3000 BC it concludes in Africa, the Middle East and the East of the Asian continent, The Stone Age opens the way to the history of the civilization of planet Earth and continues, without significant damage or deterioration to the planet and this continues its independent evolution as a planet; and the evolution of the new visitors, and the beginning of the evolution of humans, those who begin to communicate, write and record, the history of their evolution and life on the face of the planet including the use and abuse of the natural resources they find. in its path or in the subsoil. Likewise, without knowing it yet, they also enrich the evolution of IC without causing significant deterioration to the nature of the planet but to the evolution towards civilized man (IC constantly enriched).
However, civilization also continues to evolve, develop and increase, simultaneously, positive intellectual capitals (IC) and negative intellectual capitals (NIC), such as: corruption, predation, drug addiction, rape, impunity, slavery, discrimination, exploitation, bribery, bribery, accumulation of illegal or illicit money (black money); Illegal and / or criminal activities and behaviors that they carry out, individually or collectively induce almost invisible and hardly perceptible effects and interweaves that offend, shame, corrode, destroy, the quality and human dignity and the life of the planet, in addition to the highly destructive are highly dynamic symbiotic, almost imperceptible, almost invisible and silent; deadly like cancer.
Likewise, it is very likely that IC and NIC are capriciously interwoven within human nature, creating the unique and unrepeatable individualities of each person who inhabits the world; with rationalities, philosophies, behaviors, emotions, conceptions of knowledge, norms of the life of the nature that surrounds him and of his own humanity that allows him to create art, technology, science to preserve and save them in his genetic and invented memories, tablets, papyrus, leather, paper and libraries; creations, individual and collective IC; and other more wealth of personalities, unique that contribute unique wealth; and in turn also, the NIC with a multitude of people with heavy negative charges that endanger the existence of humanity and the planet itself.
This range of options in the existence of NIC and human life, the natural and constant evolution of the planet; and all increases in illegal and / or criminal activities; in them, the constant predation of the human beings that inhabit it is causing the original natural sources that sustain the life of the planet to continue to be depleted due to the irresponsible or even perverse use of the NIC.
Conclusions.
These searches related to positive intellectual capital (IC) and negative (NIC) try to find answers to the divergent causes and effects of human doing, which, in general, is acceptable, satisfactory and desirable, as contributions to art, science and science. technology, which enhance human dignity; of what humanity itself rejects as corrosive, destructive, perverse to human dignity.
It is feasible to consider that the Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo erectus, Renzidong Man, hominids generated by the evolution of the planet lacked natural intelligence, less rational, incipient begin to emerge during the stone age; They did not practice corruption, predation, drug addiction, rape, impunity, slavery, discrimination, exploitation, bribery, bribery, accumulation of illegal money, illicit (black money), they did not practice them, they did not register them in their genetic or invented memories; they began to learn their bipedal erection; survive in the elements of jungles, forests, vermin, and wild animals; hunt and fish; select edible herbs and fruits; differentiate winds and gales, periodic seasonal changes, spring summer, autumn and winter; periodicity of the moon’s changes; the self-generation of emotional intelligence and elemental knowledge generated during the pilgrimage for 8 or 9 million years, the stone age, or Neolithic period, the longest in prehistory and human history and evolution; from the beginning, 9.5 billion years a. Until the 21st century AD. C.
The NIC refers to the behavior of humans that offend human dignity and promote acts and aggressive group actions ranging from personal to continental, forcing IC societies to invest time and resources in eliminating them or social balances. As it is recorded in the history of mankind from the first civilizations to the present; even when in some countries and cases it is with a high degree of difficulties, humanity persists in trying.
On February 26, 2021, the international news media informed all the inhabitants of the world that Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. better cooked as Joe Biden the president of the USA, a leading country in science, technology and arts and sports in the world, bomb the pro-Iran militias in Syria before using the innate intelligence, the rational, the emotional, their capacity and advantage of argumentation and pacification in international conflicts of small non-industrialized countries.
The Biden order to bomb Iran and the account of President George H.W. Bush (pp. 8-10) in the case of Kuwait, suggest broad and deep studies of IC research, in the sense that it dignifies and enhances the human condition; Or, how the increase of the NIC gradually infects human beings and their IC, to transform them and incorporate them into human societies that worship the NIC until their self-destruction.
Limitations
Given that the IC and NIC fields of study are conceptual amorphous, ethereal, incommensurable, as large clouds composed of various minor clouds of various colors and shades, the morphological observation method of successive approximations was used that allows free observations and inferences with greater ease of association and concatenation of evidence for the construction of knowledge with a greater degree of scientific contribution.
Future research
The results achieved and their limitations allow to visualize the convenience of increasing those carried out and generating greater complementation or deepening with conventional or casuistic methods and procedures and known or new observation and valuation instruments to generate or integrate existing or new more solid meta theories or theories with rational, operable, computational instruments; multicriteria, multidimensional multivariate, qualitative and quantitative.
Notes:
1. Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) showed that the vast majority of the natural elements in the periodic table were formed inside stars and distributed through space by supernova explosions. He coined the phrase ‘Big Bang’ on a BBC radio show, strongly denying that it ever existed.
2. Study first author Paul G. Falkowski, ENIGMA Principal Investigator and Professor of Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology at Rutgers University. “We believe we have found the building blocks of life – the Lego set that ultimately led to the evolution of cells, animals and plants.”
3. Emperor of Rome during the life and death of Jesus, Christ: Tiberius Julius Caesar, born Tiberius Claudius Nero (in Latin, Tiberius Claudius Nero; November 16, 42 BC-March 16, 37. AD C.).
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Searches and reviews on Google and Wikipedia:
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https://edmundoresenos.wordpress.com/2019/11/22/intellectual-capital
https:// www.ecoportal.net
https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/899/
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56246507
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruk
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida
https://psicologiaymente.com/cultura/primeras-ciudades-historia
http://academic.upr.edu/~mvpizziniMVP/id26.htm
Mapa del Imperio paleobabilónico tras las conquistas de Hammurabi, hacia 1750 a. C. Los nómadas casitas, tal vez originarios del sureste de Irán, ya se habían establecido en los montes Zagros, en el límite oriental del Imperio. No tardarían en avanzar sobre él.
http://academic.upr.edu/~mvpizziniMV INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONALP/id26.htm Universidad de Puerto Rico
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_de_Piedra
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hombre_de_Renzidong
https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/899/
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Prehistoria_de_China
https://www.pnas.org/content/110/6/2223/tab-article-info
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_China#Paleol%C3%ADtico
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Prehistoria_de_India
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus
https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2021/02/26/60384ef6fdddff46068b45ec.ht37. ml
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